Atomizing nozzle



June 17, 1941. I C GRISWQLD 2,245,974

ATOMI ZING NOZZLE Original Filed June7; 1938 g Sheets-sheet 1 ml'ozman June 17, 1941.

F. C. GRI SWOLD ATOMIZING NOZZLE Original Filed June 7. 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 flew/ac G r/kwb/d V to each impulse Patented June 17, 1941 ATOMIZING NOZZLE, Frederick C. Griswold, Port Jefferson, N. Y. Continuation of application Serial No. 212,234,

June 7!.

1938. This 1940, Serial No. 316,034

application January 27,

6 Claims. (01. zoo-i016) This invention relates to fluid fuel atomizing nozzles for internal combustion engines, and the present application is a continuation of my prior application Serial 1938.

The present nozzle is particularly adapted for engines having small piston displacement, such as automotive engines, in which the amount of fuel injected for light loads is less than one drop stroke. This extremely small amount of fuel must be forced through an oriflee under several thousand pounds of pressure to the square inch, which requires an orifice of extremely small area. After the fluid fuel passes through the orifice, it is in the form ofa spray, and it is very important that the spray remain in suspension until consumed by combustion. In compression ignition engines, only atoms of fuel im'ected into the combustion chamber that are small enough to gasify within the time of combustion are useful. If atoms of fuel are allowed to accumulate in the port leading to the orifice-or on the walls of the combustion chamber, they are a loss and cause premature explo-' sions, as well as fouling the nozzle, the combustion chamber, the pistons, and the piston rings with carbon, and ca ing a smoky exhaust and offensive odor.

Number 212,234, filed June 7,

Most of the nozzles with which I am familiar V I either have a pintle or valve which forms a core in the orifice, or the orifice is made by drilling a minute holein a cap, the cap being subjected to fiuid pressure which is controlled by a valve. All nozzles of the type just described have cavities in which fuel remains after ejection because the orifice is not formed directly by the valve and, as the pressure is gradually built up behind the orifice, there is insufficient pressure at the beginning and at the ending of the atomization period to thoroughly atomize the fuel.

The primaryobject of the present invention, therefore, is to provide an improved atomizing nozzle which effectively overcomes the defects of prior nozzles enumerated above. In carrying out my invention, I provide a nozzle including a body having a discharge port. and provided with a bearing surface for a movable valve mematomization period. By flaring the port outwardly from the orifice, fluid may not impinge on the port and accumulate for being blown into the combustion chamber at the next ejection without being atomized and for passing through the engine without burning.

With the above and other objects in view, the present nozzle consists in the novel form, combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, .shown in the accompanying drawings and claimed.

In the drawings: c Figure 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through the head end of an engine cylinaer equipped with an atomizing nozzle constructed in accordance with the present invenposition.

Figure 2 is a similar view with the movable 1 valve member in open position. Figure 3 is a transverse section on line 3-3 of Figure 2. Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line 4-6 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a side view, partly broken away, of the movable valve member forming part of the nozzle shown in Figure l.

Figure 6 is an inverted plan view of the valve member shown in Figure 5.

Figure 7 is an enlarged inverted plan view of the discharge end portion of the nozzle, showing the form of the, discharge port in the body of the nozzle.

. Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 4 with a modified form of movable valve member substituted in the nozzle for the form of valve member shown in Figures 1, 2 and 4 to 6 inclusive. Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 5 of the movable valve member shown in Figure 8.

her, which bearing surface is disposed at right angles to the axis of the discharge port, and which discharge port is tapered from this bearing surface so as to fiare' outwardly therefrom and produce a knife edge at the bearing surface or at the minute orifice formed by the smaller inner end of the port. I have found that fluids forced under high pressure through an orifice having sharp outer walls and formed and closed under pressure, will be completely atomized into minute atoms so that there will be no drops or dribble. In fact, atomization is perfect from the start to the flhish of the Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 6 of the valve member shown in Figure 9; and

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic plan view showing the manner in which the outlet port of the movable valve member shown in Figures 8 to 10 inclusive cooperates with the discharge port of the nozzlebody. 4

Referring in detail to the drawings, the present atomizing nozzle includes a 'hollow body I' having a fluid inlet 2 and provided with a wall affording an inner bearing surface 3, said wall having an outwardly flared discharge port 4 at said bearing surface 3. The discharge port 4 flares outwardly from the bearing surface 3 to provide a minute orifice Sand a knife edge 6 at the inner end of said port 4. A movable valve member 1 is seated by pressure against the bearing surface 3 and controls the discharge port 4. Due to this form and arrangement, the fluid fuel -will pass through the orifice in the form of a spray, and the spray will remain in bustion chamber, pistons,

carbon, or for causing a smoky exhaust with an a gradual increase in this slot may have the port l3a is disposed parallel with suspension until consumed by combustion. No atoms of fuel can accumulate in the port leading to the orifice or on the walls of the combustion chamber for becoming lost, or causing premature explosions and fouling the nozzle, comand piston rings with offensive odor. In other words, fluid is completely atomized into ,minute atoms and there are no drops or dribbles. Atomization is perfect from start to finish of the atomization period, and no fluid can accumulate in and around the port for being blown in the combustion chamber at the next ejection without being atomized and without burning.

In the embodiment illustrated, the valve member I is in the nature of an elongated slide valve, and the discharge port 4 consists of a lateral opening in the body I. nozzle is shown as externally tapered, its bore being closed at the inner end of the body by means of a screw plug 8. This bore may have a reduced portion near its inner end which is manchined to produce the bearing surface 3.

From the bearing surface 3 to the fluid inlet 2, the bore of the body I is of slightly larger diameter than that of the movable valve member 1 so as to provide a pressure chamber 9 therebetween which is in constant communication with the fluid inlet 2. Also, a is provided between the inner end of the valve member 1 and the closed end of the body I, and means is provided to place the chamber 9 and the space I!) in constant communication with each The latter communication may be provided for by cutting away the opposite sides of the valve member 1 as at H and by providing the inner end portion of the valve member 1 with a central longitudinal slot l2. By thus slotting the valve member 1, its inner end portion is bifurcated to provide a pair of leg portions which are tensioned to normally spring apart and snugly seat against the bearing surface 3. Onebifurcation or leg portion of valve member 1 is provided with a lateral outlet port L3 in constant communciation with the pressure space H! and movable into and out of registry with the discharge port 4 of the nozzle body I. The outlet port 13 of the valve member 1 is shown as a transverseopening in one bifurcation of said valve member in Figures 1, 2 and 4 to 6 inclusive, which opening communicates at its inner end with the longitudinal slot l2 of valve member 1.

It will be noted that the discharge port 4 is of triangular form and that the oriflce at .the inner end of this port is of similar form so that volume of the fluid spray discharged is eiIected as the valve member 1 opens by the action of the fluid pressure thereon.-

However, as shown in Figures 8 to 11 inclusive, the outlet port of the movable valve member may take the form of a transverse slot l3a provided in one bifurcation or leg of the valve member, and inclined end portions which converge at the orifice 5 as shown clearly in Figure 8. In this way, the slot or port l3awill cooperate with the oriflce 5 so as to gradually effect an increase in the volume of fluid sprayed from the nozzle as the valve member 1 opens, while at the same time the thickness of this flared spray will not be increased so as toprevent the danger of discharging relatively large particles of fluid. This will be evident from the diagrammatic view shown in Figure 11 wherein constant pressure space l0 7 addition to the spring pressure The hollow body I of the spring toward the base of the triangular orlflce 5 as the valve member I opens. It will be evident that in N afforded by tensioning the bifurcations of valve member 1 to spring apart, the fluid pressure will act on the walls of the slot 12 so as to provide for pressureseating of said bifurcations against the bearing surface 3.

At the outer end of the body I, the bore of the latter is flared as at l4 to snugly receive an externally tapered hollow guide 15 which is provided with a cylindrical axial bore. The inner end of this guide 15 is reduced so as to provide a space ,between the same and the bore of the body .I at this point as at l6 and thereby afford constant communication between the pressure chamber 9 and the fluid inlet 2. At its outer end, the guide l5 has an external annular flange l1 and a tubular extension 18.

As before indicated, the opening movement of valve member 1 is eflected, by the action of the pressure of the fluid thereon, and spring means is provided for yieldingly moving the valve member 1 toward the closed end of the body I so as to bring the outlet port l3 or 13a of thevalve member 1 out or registry with the discharge port 4 of the nozzle body. This spring means includes a housing [9 which is screwed onto the outer end of the nozzle body I and which is closed at its outer end by a screw cap 20. The cap is pro vided with a central inwardly projecting tubular guide 2| which slidably receives the stem 22 of a plunger 23 slidably fltted in the housing IS. A coil spring 24 is disposed in the housing l9 between the plunger 23 and the cap 20 so as to urge the plunger 23 toward the nozzle body I. The central hollow extension 3 of the guide l5 projects through an annular flange 25 provided internally of the housing I9, which flange 25 engages the flange H of guide so as to draw the latter tightly in the tapered bore portion M of the body I when the housing 19 is threaded onto the latter.

The inner end of guide member 15 is transversely slotted as clearly shown at 2B in Figure which slot receives a flat tang 21 formed on the outer end of the valve member 1. i In this way, the valve member 1 is restrained against axial turning with the ported bifurcation thereof disposed toward the discharge port 4. Integral with and projecting outwardly from the tang 21 is a stem 28 slidably projecting through the guide l5 and engaging the plunger 23. Thus, the spring 24 acts upon the plunger 23 which in turnengages stem 28 and causes movement of the valve member 1 to closed position wherein the port I3 or 13a is out of registry with the discharge port 4 as shown in Figure 1. Flange 25 properly limits the closing movement of valve 1, and it will be seenthat when the fluid fuel pressure on the valve member 1 exceeds the strength of the 24, the valve member 1 will be moved to open position wherein the port l3 or I3a is brought into registry with the discharge port 4. The greater the fluid fuel pressure, the greater the opening movement of the valve member 1. As soon as the fluid fuel pressure is reduced below 7 that of the strength of spring 24, the latter will and moves act to close the valve member 1 by shifting it to a position wherein the port 13 or I341 is out of registry with the discharge Figure 1.

To prevent any trappingof air or fluid which might interfere with the free movement of the plunge: 23, the latter is provided with a number port 4 as shown in valve having a lateral outlet communication with said pressure space, spring a wall afl'ording an inner bearing surface,

of openings 29 and the stem 22 is also provided wall having a discharge port at said bearing surwith openings 30, while the housing l9 has escape zle, I have shown it as located within a water jacketed chamber 34' provided in the cylinder head 35 of an internal combustion engine, the discharge port 4 of the body I being registered with the inlet of a combustion chamber 36 which maybe partly formed in the head 35 and partly in the piston head 31 of the piston disposed in the associated cylinder 38.

From the foregoing description, it is believed that the construction and operation, as well as the advantages of the present invention, will be readily understood and appreciated bythose skilled in the art. It is pointed out, however, that various changes may be resorted to in the construction, form and arrangement of the several parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed, and it is ap-.

parent that the invention is susceptible of many different embodiments or modifications. What I claim as new is:

1. A fluid atomizing nozzle comprising a bored body having a fluid inlet near one end and closed vidlng a bearing surface near said closed end ,of said body, said body further having a lateral pressure space and being snugly slidably fitted near said one end in said bearing surface, means providing-constant communication between said fluid inlet and said pressure space, said slide port in constant means for normally forcing said slide valve toward the closed end of said body with said lateral port of the slide valve out of registry with body I with its inlet at the other end, the bore of said body proface of triangular form in cross-section, said-discharge port flaring outwardly from said bearing surface to the outer surface of said wall to provide aminute orifice and a knife edge at the inner end of said port and to present no ledge and no wall surfaces parallel with the axis of said port on which atoms of fuel may accumulate, and a movable valve member constantly engaged with and seated by. pressure against and movable on said bearing surface, said movable valve member having on outlet port movable into and out of registry with said discharge port of the body and adapted to co-operate with the latter to form a fan-shaped spray of the fuel dis- I ged through said discharge port into the combustion chamber.

3. In a' nozzle for atomizing fluid fuel and iniecting the atomized fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. and wherein the fluid fuel- 1s forced through a minute orifice of the nozzle under high pressure, a hollow body having a fuel inlet and provided with a wall affording an inner bearing surface, said wall having a discharge port at said bearing surface, said discharge port flaring outwardly from said bearing surface to the outer surface of. said wall to provide a minute orifice and a knife edge at the inner end of said port and to present no ledge or wall surfaces parallel with the axis of said port on which atoms of fuel may accumulate, and a movable valve member constantlyengaged with and seated against and movable on said bearing surface, said movable valve member having an outlet port movable into and out of registry with said discharge port of the body, said orifice being of triangular form, and said outlet port consisting of a very narrow slot in the movable valve member disposed parallel with the base of said triangular orifice to form a very thin fan-shaped spray of the fuel discharged through said discharge port into the combustion chamber and to vary the spread of cylindrical rod having an end portion thereof said lateral discharge port of the body, said slide valve being shiftable axially away from theclosed end of said body by the pressure of the fluid thereon for bringing the lateral port of the slide valve into registry with said lateral port of the body, the bore of said body being flared at the end thereof adjacent-said fluid inlet, a tapered cylinder snugly fitted and secured in said flared bore portionof the body and having atransverse slot at its smaller end, av fiat tang on one end of. the slide valve slidably fitting in said slot of the tapered cylinder to restrain the slide valve against axial rotation, and a piston extending from said tang slidably extending through said cylinder, said spring means acting on said piston. g 2. In; a nozzle for atomizing fluid fuel and iniecting the atomized fuel into the combustion wherein the fluid fuel is forced tel said spray as the movable from the apex toward the base of said orifice,-

4. The structure as defined in claim 2, wherein said movable valve member comprises a solid centrally longitudinally slotted to provide similar bifurcations tensioned to normally spring apart for snug frictional engagement with said claim 2, wherein bearing surface.

5. The structure as defined in said lateral outlet port comprises a very narrow transverse slot in the movable valve member adapted to eo-operate with said discharge port to form a very thin fan-shaped spray of the fuel discharged through said discharge port in the combustion chamber. 1

6. The structure asdeflned in claim 2, wherein said' movable valve member comprises a slide "valve formed of a solid cylindrical havin'g an end portion thereof centrally lo slotted to provide similar bifurcations tensioned chamber of an internal combustion engine. and through a minute orifice-of the nozzle under high pressure, a hoiin normally springapart for snug frictional ens easement with said bearing surface. and wherein said outlet of the movable valve member comprises a very narrow transverse slot in gne of the said bifurcations.

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valve member moves situdin lv r 

